Ngokusheshisa okuqhubekayo kokusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimboni, imodi yokukhiqiza ngomshini kancane kancane ithathe indawo yokukhiqiza ngezandla kweminye imikhakha yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi embonini yokukhiqiza.Ngenxa yemvelo yokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile, njengezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwezingxenye, ikhwalithi yezingxenye kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanele, ezibeka phambili izidingo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zekhwalithi yomshini.Ikhwalithi yomshini ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi yobuso bomshini.Kuphela ngokulawula ngokuqinile izixhumanisi ezimbili ezibalulekile ekwenzeni imishini, ikhwalithi yomshini ingalawulwa kahle futhi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yemishini ifinyelele izinga lokusebenzisa.
1. Incazelo yekhwalithi yomshini
Ikhwalithi yomshini ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa izici ezimbili: ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi ye-machining surface, ethintwa ikhwalithi yejometri nezinto ezibonakalayo ngokulandelana kwazo.
1.1 ikhwalithi yejiyomethri ekusetshenzisweni komshini, ikhwalithi yejometri izothinta ukunemba komshini.Ikhwalithi yeJiyomethri isho iphutha lejiyomethri phakathi kwendawo yomkhiqizo kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo kunqubo yokwenza imishini.Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izici ezimbili: iphutha le-macro geometry kanye nephutha lejometri encane.Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso esiphakathi kobude begagasi nobude bephutha bephutha le-macro geometry singaphezu kuka-1000. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sobude begagasi ukuya kubude begagasi singaphansi kuka-50.
1.2 Ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha ekwenziweni komshini, ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha isho izinguquko phakathi kwekhwalithi yezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezibandakanyeka kungqimba engaphezulu yemikhiqizo yemishini kanye ne-matrix, eyaziwa nangokuthi isendlalelo sokuguqulwa kokucubungula.Enqubweni yokwenza imishini, ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo izothinta izinga eliphezulu, elibonakala ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni ukuqina kongqimba olungaphezulu kanye nokushintshwa kwesakhiwo se-metallographic songqimba olungaphezulu.Phakathi kwazo, ukuqina komsebenzi kongqimba olungaphezulu kubhekisela ekwandeni kokuqina kongqimba lwensimbi yemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngomshini ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwepulasitiki nokushelela phakathi kwezinhlamvu ngesikhathi somshini.Ngokuvamile, izici ezintathu zidinga ukucatshangelwa ekuhlolweni kokuqina komshini wemikhiqizo yemishini, okungukuthi, ubulukhuni bensimbi engaphezulu, ukujula kokuqina kanye nedigri yokuqina.Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-metallographic songqimba olungaphezulu kubhekisela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo se-metallographic sensimbi engaphezulu yemikhiqizo yemishini ngenxa yesenzo sokusika ukushisa ekumshinini.
2. Izici ezithonya zekhwalithi yomshini
Enqubweni yokwenza imishini, izinkinga zekhwalithi zomshini ikakhulukazi zibandakanya ukusika ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye nokugaya ubuso obumangelengele.Ngokuvamile, izici ezithinta ikhwalithi yomshini zingahlukaniswa zibe izici ezimbili: izici zejometri kanye nezici zomzimba.
2.1 ukusika ubulukhuni bendawo ekwenziweni komshini, inkinga yekhwalithi yokusika ubulukhuni bendawo ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izici ezimbili: izici zejometri kanye nezici ezibonakalayo.Phakathi kwazo, izici zejometri zihlanganisa i-angle yokuphambuka eyinhloko, i-angle yokuphambuka engaphansi, i-cutting feed nokunye, kuyilapho izici ezibonakalayo zifaka impahla yokusebenza, isivinini sokusika, ukudla nokunye.Emishinini, izinto ze-ductile zisetshenziselwa ukucubungula i-workpiece, i-plasticity yensimbi yezinto ezibonakalayo ijwayele ukuguquguquka, futhi indawo yomshini izoba lukhuni.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ubulukhuni obungaphezulu futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokusika lapho usebenzisa insimbi ye-carbon steel kanye ne-carbon steel workpiece materials ephansi enokuqina okuhle, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kokucisha kanye nokushisa phakathi kokuqeda.
Lapho kwenziwa imishini yepulasitiki, ijubane lokusika lizoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni komhlaba owenziwe ngomshini.Lapho ijubane lokusika lifinyelela ezingeni elithile, amathuba okuguqulwa kwepulasitiki yensimbi aphansi, futhi ukugoqa kwendawo nakho kuncane.
Lapho ulawula amapharamitha wokusika, ukunciphisa ukudla kunganciphisa ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo ngezinga elithile.Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokuphakela lincane kakhulu, ukungezwani kwendawo kuzokwanda;Kuphela ngokulawula izinga lokuphakelayo ngendlela enengqondo lapho kungancipha khona ukuhwaqazeka kwendawo.
2.2 Ukugaya okumahhadlahhadla lapho kwenziwa imishini, indawo yokugaya ibangelwa ukushaywa kwezinhlamvu ezihlabayo esondweni lokugaya.Ngokuvamile, uma izinhlamvu zesihlabathi eziningi ezidlula endaweni yeyunithi ye-workpiece, ukuklwebheka okwengeziwe ku-workpiece, kanye ne-contour ye-scratches ku-workpiece kuthinta ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bokugaya.Uma i-contour ye-notch ku-workpiece ilungile, ubulukhuni bokugaya buzoba buphansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezingokomzimba ezithinta ukuqina kobuso bokugaya ziyimingcele yokugaya nokunye.Ekwenziweni komshini, isivinini sesondo lokugaya sizothinta ukuhwalala kwendawo yokugaya, kuyilapho isivinini se-workpiece sinomphumela ophambene nokuqina kwendawo yokugaya.Ukushesha kwesivinini sesondo lokugaya, kuba ningi inani lezinhlayiya ezilumayo endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi yocezu lokusebenza ngesikhathi seyunithi, futhi kuba buncane ubulukhuni bobuso.Uma kuqhathaniswa nejubane lokugaya isondo, uma ijubane le-workpiece liba ngokushesha, inani lezinhlamvu ezilimazayo ezidlula endaweni esebenza ngomshini ngesikhathi seyunithi liyoba lincane, futhi ukugoqa kwamanzi kuzokwanda.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izinga lokuphakelayo le-longitudinal lesondo lokugaya lincane kunobubanzi besondo lokugaya, ingaphezulu le-workpiece lizosikwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukuqina kwe-workpiece kuzokwanda, futhi ukuqina kwendawo yokusebenza kuzokwehla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-24-2021